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What do Thomas Hardys short stories reveal about his society? :: English Literature

What do Thomas Hardy's short stories uncover about his general public? Thomas Hardy was brought into the world 1840 and kicked the bucket 1924. He made generally out of his compositions somewhere in the range of 1871 and 1912. From 1912 till death he composed verse. Strong delighted recorded as a hard copy short stories since he had understood that with the weights and occupied ways of life of current life there was pretty much nothing time to plunk down and peruse a novel. One trouble of a short story is that it can't give inside and out character examinations however they can step by step permit somebody to make their own investigations deciding by Hardy's substance in his accounts. They are concise which made them fruitful. What is a short story? For Hardy a short story wasn't a story that clarified the subtleties in two sentences and left the peruser clear searching for pieces of information with respect to where the story was going, the foundation of the story and what everyone's identity was. Strong's short stories gave so a lot detail as could be expected under the circumstances and if something was missing, it showed up later on, he reliably ensured the peruser would stay aware of the story and never surged his accounts, ensuring the peruser got the full jist of the story. A straightforward case of this is in The Superstitious Mans Story where during the story Hardy incorporates a short section which is told by the storyteller of the story, it gives both the audience in also, out of the story with a bit of missing data which we need to comprehend it completely, on the grounds that in The Superstitious Mans Story there are two audience members, ourselves and Hardy's allegorical Alias Mr. Lackland. Tough's accounts have an individual vibe to them, when you read them he is conversing with you, disclosing and saying everything to you. For instance The Superstitious Mans Story and Old Andrey's Experience as a Performer Hardy uses a conversational tone, he composes his accounts in the manner in which they would be advised individual to-individual, up close and personal as perhaps explorers stories. Society has changed incredibly since the hour of Thomas Hardy, we no longer have the closeness and dependability that everybody had at that point. Tough lived in a network and portrays a network in his short stories where each individual from the network knows every other person, knows over a significant time span individuals and they can recount tales about each of them. In this network everybody can depend on another person, be it a companion or neighbor. A people group like this isn't found in urban communities as Hardy finds when he moves to London in his initial years, London was one of the first megalopolises. He was acquainted with the city which he seen as a

How to Write a College Application Essay Step-by-Step Guide

How to Write a College Application Essay Step-by-Step Guide College application essay is the other mean of testing the students capability in writing skills. Students reveal their qualities to the authorities of the college and also show how they are different from others. Meaning of College Application essay Summary Meaning of College Application essayTips for choosing your College Essay topicFocus on the main ideaShow differenceBe genuineHow to write a College Application Essay: Act promptlyUnderstandingWrite the essayProofreadWhat not to do in your College application essayScholarship essay writing help to get you startedEssay writing help online services features College application essay means an essay in which students show their writing skills. In this, they write on the topic given by the college. College application also includes college admission essay, which is written by the students at the time of admission to the college authorities. It is also called a personal statement. In this, they reveal their best qualities and capabilities which shows them out from other applicants. The National counseling association for college admission counseling 2011 states that when there is a tough competition between students on the basis of grades or strength of admission test score than application essay makes a difference. It helps the college authority in the selection of best candidate. Tips for choosing your College Essay topic Sometimes the topic is already given by the college. If they did not give the topic, then there are some tips which you can follow while choosing your college essay topic: Focus on the main idea When you select a topic, always focus on the central concept of the topic. For example, you choose the topic of environmental pollution than you should include water, air, and noise pollution etc.in it. Your focus must be on the causes of pollution and how can we prevent it. Show difference You have to write about something that will make you stand out in the crowd. Write your essay in a way that the college authorities has not read before. Be genuine Whatever you will write in the essay, the matter should be genuine. It will not include the things which are not true or include daydreaming things. Always choose that topic which you can explain adequately. How to write a College Application Essay: College administration knows that writing is not everyones cup of tea because it requires time, planning, and skills of writing. This is a work which includes step by step procedure. This essay will help you to stand out different in the crowd. Here we provide right direction on how to write a college application essay?. These are the following steps which a candidate should follow: 1: Act promptly. 2: Understanding. 3: Write the essay. 4: Proofread. Act promptly First of all, understand the topic which you choose or being asked about which you are going to write. It includes the following steps: Read the questions carefully requested in the essay. Take some time to think about what is being asked. In this essay, you must know that in the topic it asked you to defend, inform, or support? Understanding In this step, you decide what to write in the essay or not. This is more complex than actually writing the essay. Write down all the ideas come into your mind related to the topic and select those that are relevant. Choose how you tell or present your story. Write the essay Once you understand the topic and matter related to it, which we are going to write in an essay, then you start essay writing. It includes an introduction, body paragraph, and conclusion. In the introduction, you introduce the topic, and it must be impressive, clear the meaning of the topic to the college authority. You must make sure that your reader does not lose interest in the topic. In body paragraph, you include three to five paragraph which explains the topic in detail. In conclusion, you conclude the essay by effectively summarising your topic and reader understand your point of view. Be yourself dont copy your essay from others. Proofread One of the best ways to become an essay writer is to be an interested reader of good writing. In this step, you read your essay and pay attention to how you write your essay, and it relates to the topic from the beginning to the end. No matter what you write, the most important part of the writing process is editing. Let your essay sit for some hours. Get up and walk away from it. Do something different and then come and read your essay with your readers in mind. After reading, do your editing work:- Is your point clear? Is your grammar correct? Did you make your point clear? What not to do in your College application essay Your essay should not include about yourself only. Dont put the focus on the same thing in the essay again and again. Dont reveal your too much secrets in the essay. Scholarship essay writing help to get you started If you face difficulty on how to write a college application essay, then we provide help you in writing this essay. Thousands of students worldwide taking help from us to write a college application essay. With the help of availability of writing of a college application essay, you can get the clarity of your topic on which you want to explain yourself and which may help in increasing the quality of your essay and help you to present your experience effectively. We provide help you in writing an essay from the selection of the topic to proofread. Essay writing help online services features We have well-experienced experts who have years of experience in their teaching field. We always deliver your essay writing help within the given time.Our experts provide the essay writing help services at affordable prices.Our expert team is available for your help, either its a day or night, i.e., 24/7 support is available.You can ask for the changes in your essay writing from our expert anytime.Every essay writing helps you get from our expert is error free.Our team of experts is wholly dedicated to delivering the best essay writing services. We have many customers who are happy and a hundred percent satisfied with our services.Your doubts and queries will be answered immediately by our experts. Now you have the services available on how to write a college application essay and make an impact on the college authorities while presenting your point of view more confidently and effectively.

Financial Analysis Operations Management - 1563 Words

Operations management has been the most crucial part of a business since people started trading goods and services. Operations management deals with the development, manufacturing and production of the goods and services which are then marketed and sold in the market for a profit. It involves and oversees the research and development sectors all the way through production of the goods and services to meet the customers’ requirements. Simply stating, operations management deals with the responsibility to ensure that all of the business operations are efficiently and effectively executed by using the least amount of resources but maintaining the quality standard of the company. Financial analysis plays a crucial part in maintaining a successful and efficient operations management in a company. There are multiple financial ratios which are very helpful to understand the proper management and execution of different sectors within operations management to decrease the cost and expenditures of the company and increase profit and earnings. Food and beverage industry is a multi-billion dollar conglomerate of different sub divided industries. Industries like Pepsico Inc., Tyson Goods Inc., Coca-Cola Co., Anheuser-Busch InBev, and ConAgra Foods, Inc are some of the largest food and beverage industry companies in the United States and Canada. These companies have been successful in creation, development, production and distribution of goods and services to not only customers inShow MoreRelatedOperations Management Of Food And Beverage Industry : Imporatance Of Financial Analysis1257 Words   |  6 PagesEffective Operations Management in Food and Beverage Industry: Imporatance of Financial Analysis ENTER A QUOTE HERE Operations management has been the most crucial part of a business since people starting trading goods and services. Operations management deals with the development, manufactoring and production of the goods and services which are then marketed and sold in the market for a profit. It involves and oversees the research and decelopment sectors all the way through production of the goodsRead MoreLiquidity Financial Ratio Review Exercise Essay1284 Words   |  6 PagesLiquidity Financial Ratio Review Exercise Understanding the meaning of financial ratios is imperative to different stakeholders both within and outside of a company. Management reviews different ratios to measure how effective the strategies used to run the business are within a given time period. Money Managers and other types of investors use ratios to determine investment strategies in different types of companies. The use of the ratios helps give a consistent look at different types of businessesRead MoreCommercial Analysis Forecasting Management Project Accounting Management1511 Words   |  7 Pagesbusiness-partner to management, providing the knowledge and expertise needed to aid all levels of decision making. A specialist in modelling and quantifying business activity for periodic reporting, budgeting and forecasting, and other decision-making purposes. Strong financial risk management focus, assessing and analysing opportunities to reduce and mitigate financial and operational risk. Respected by peers and mentors alike. †¢ Financial Analysis Modelling †¢ Budget Reporting Analytics †¢ Financial StatutoryRead MoreA Critical Evaluation Of Financial Performance Essay1689 Words   |  7 PagesA CRITICAL EVALUATION OF FINANCIAL AND OPERATIONAL PERFORMANCE THROUGH 360 DEGREE ANALYSIS LALIT MOHAN (Research Scholar) Deptt. Of ABST, University of Rajasthan, Jaipur ABSTRACT Though 360 degree analysis is related with human resource management but here the 360 analysis will include the overall analysis of operational and financial performance from every angle. In human resources or Industrial psychology, 360-degree feedback, also known as multi-rater feedback, multisource feedbackRead MoreManage Financial Operation of Sushi Bar1713 Words   |  7 PagesIntroduction This assignment is related to the manage the financial operations, which helps develop the financial management and monitor the financial procedures, financial performance of the business. Sushi bar was established there years ago , it has the freshest and finest sushi , and the owners want to sell the business, and it’s aiming at top-end corporate clientele. I will look at the financial information and do the ratio analysis, then I will decide whether to buy the business, if it wouldRead MoreRisk Management Within The Hospital And Ensure Compliance From All Levels Of Staff1518 Words   |  7 Pages1.6 Risk Management: Risk management is considered one of the most important parts in healthcare, as it implements strategies to reduce financial loss and patient safety. Risk management is defined as ‘ the assessment and removal or control of hazard to patients, employees or institutions’ (Medical Dictionary, n.d.). Risk management strategies should be introduced throughout the hospital and ensure compliance from all levels of staff. The strategies are designed to identify, monitor, and manageRead MoreThe Goldman Sachs Group, Inc. (GS) - Financial and Strategic SWOT Analysis Review961 Words   |  4 Pagesï » ¿The Goldman Sachs Group, Inc. (GS) - Financial and Strategic SWOT Analysis Review On 05TH DEC.2013 The report provides you an in-depth strategic SWOT analysis of the companies businesses and operations. The profile has been compiled by Global Data to bring to you a clear and an unbiased view of the companies key strengths and weaknesses and the potential opportunities and threats. The profile helps you formulate strategies that augment your business by enabling you to understand your partnersRead MoreZoom Snowboard Inc. : Overview1532 Words   |  7 Pages The company has seen tremendous growth in its new line of business but there are concerns regarding its pricing policies and the management has decided to set in place new discount and return policies that would be offered to the vendors. In the given case study, as an audit scenario, I need to analysis the significant risks of material misstatements at the financial statement level and significant risks of material statements at the relevant assertion level for classes of transactions, accountRead MoreSystem Development Life Cycle666 Words   |  3 PagesSTAGE 1 Systems Planning Stage Topic Chapter 2 Analyzing the Business Case Deliverable Preliminary investigation report Toolkit Support Primary tools: Communications, financial analysis, and project management tool Other tool as required. Systems Planning is the first of five stage in the systems development life cycle (SDLC). In this stage, you will learn how IT projects get started and how a system analyst evaluates a proposed project and determine its feasibility. A system analyst’sRead MoreA Management Information System ( Mis )849 Words   |  4 PagesA management information system (MIS) is a system of financial information that uses a computerized database. After the information is organized and programmed, it should be able to produce a regular report on operations for every level of management in a company. Obtaining special reports from the system easily should also be possible with its main aim being to give managers feedback about the performance of the institution. It focuses on the management of information systems to provide decision

The Basic Facts of Nhs Application Essay Samples

The Basic Facts of Nhs Application Essay Samples The Argument About Nhs Application Essay Samples American Dream might be one of the most frequent expressions in the planet, people in any portion of the world are conversant with this idea, even should they have never been to America. I make every attempt to assist my fellow students to do their very best. Students lead busy lives and frequently forget about a coming deadline. Every time whenever you have to overcome pain, fatigue, and laziness, you develop into a more powerful person. The rise in the well-being of someone who works honestly is also considered a boon. Your behavior is extremely important on how you are going to influence the remainder of the student body. Without knowing both of these bits of information its hard to supply you with a valuable answer. The Argument About Nhs Application Essay Samples You might be asked to compose an NHS essay before joining to demonstrate that you're eligible to join a prest igious organization. To begin with, you ought to know the key benefits of being a true member of the NHS society. The structure of organization is extremely spread, it is made up of many chapters in high schools around the nation. It would be an excellent honor to be chosen for this kind of elite organization. Speaking about Sociology since it is about the happenings in our society, it's simple to comprehend. Psychology as an example is the science specializing in studying human behavior and its adaptation to various conditions. For instance, information concerning NHS scholarships, chapters, activities, awards, and the way to begin a chapter can readily be accessed through their site. A well-written essay doesn't guarantee that you'll be accepted into an organization, much is dependent on whether you satisfy the selection criteria. The debut of the new GP led system has benefits and disadvantages that are discussed as follows. For a creative and custom written NHS essay feel free to seek advice from our crew of experts on this site by ordering your article with us, and we'll be certain to offer you exactly what you deserve. The most important consideration is to make sure the NHS is patient centered and clinicians are put in the front line for providing the NHS services. If I were to join NHS, I would be given the chance to improve in all these regions and learn from others that are doing the exact same. The society does engage in a wide selection of community service activities. If I am inducted into NHS I will be pleased to acquire the opportunity to take part in different events and activities that help men and women in need. The American dream is now this kind of ideology. A specialist writer who's seasoned in writing NHS essays can assist with an outline, give advice, point you in the correct direction, or even compose the whole essay below your guidelines. Well, it's high time to compose an interview essay to be ready for entering a college. Writing a national honor society essay by yourself, you might come to an issue of locating a draft to examine. The introduction has become the most important portion of the NHS essay. This piece of text will attempt to explain exactly what this essay is about and provide you some important suggestions on what you have to do to write it correctly. This text will function as a national honor society essay example and will demonstrate one of the probable approaches to write it correctly. It can be used as a national junior honor society application essay example as well. Remember that all scholarship applications are different so you might have to design your essay to fulfill those particular requirements. Usually, we make sure a skilled essay editor knowledgeable in a suitable area of science handles your article, which explains why you're able to be certain the revision procedure will be well devised and smart. When most patients seek conventional medicine and get treatment from the NHS, some alternate medicine was recognised by the health care profession. The One Thing to Do for Nhs Application Essay Samples You will get unique texts, which will be finished in time. Simply select your Profile at the peak of the application form once you first begin to submit an application for the position. You could be requested to answer some pre-application questions before it's possible to finish the form itself. You are presently in the application form. Nhs Application Essay Samples Options You're totally free to compare them with the price of simil ar websites. It is possible to verify this information on the web. There are a number of reasons why you ought to prefer our services. Another benefit of our website is the quickness.

The Effect of Rape Essay Example For Students

The Effect of Rape Essay The Effect of Rape on Victims and How to Help Them Introduction During recent years, the cases of rape are widely occurring in Malaysia. The statistic shows that the rape cases are increasing year by year since 2006 until 2009 (Berita Harian, 2nd June 2009, Tuesday). The legal definition of rape in when a man commits rape if he has unlawful sexual intercourse with a women without her consent by fear, force or fraud (Sexual Offenses Act, 1956) and at the time he knows she does not consent s to it (Sexual Offences Amendment Act, 1976). This sexual intercourse will give so much bad effects to the victims, and these are some effects which are the victims may be so much angry towards the rapist, the victims are usually in a state of shock, they will develop agoraphobia, the parents of the victims may blame their daughter for what happened and the victims are more likely to commit suicide and they also might be pregnant. Topic Sentence 1 1. First effect of rape on victims is the victims may be so much angry towards the rapist a) The victims will have bitter feelings toward rapist, and this may spill over to include all men. Elphis Christopher, 1987 by Tavistock Publications ltd) b) It may take many years for the woman to recover from their experience. c) They also might affect the victim in aspect of mentally and physically. Topic Sentence 2 1. Next is the woman who has been raped is usually in a state of shock. a) This is because of they are particularly has been force by the rapist. b) This may express itself as hyst eria, extreme agitation or withdrawal and an apparent lack of feeling. (Elphis Christopher, 1987 by Tavistock Publications ltd) Topic sentence 3 1. Besides that, the some of the victims develop agoraphobia. ) Agoraphobia is a condition where the sufferer becomes anxious in environments that are unfamiliar or where he or she perceives that they have little control. ( K. Jacobson, (2004). Agoraphobia and Hypochondria as Disorders of Dwelling. International Studies in Philosophy 36, 31-44. ) b) They might trauma and do not want to go out alone. c) They also may be unable to have sex with their regular partner, since this recalls the attack. (Elphis Christopher, 1987 by Tavistock Publications ltd) d) The anger, pain and humiliation they felt was still very much in evidence 2. We will write a custom essay on The Effect of Rape specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now But there are some women never recover from rape, particularly where violence has been used. a) It may prevent them from responding to normal sexual overtures and be the cause of psychosexual problems. (Elphis Christopher, 1987 by Tavistock Publications ltd) Topic Sentence 4 1. Forth, the parents of the daughter may blame the victim. a) The parents may assume that their daughter involved in a regular sexual relationship. (Elphis Christopher, 1987 by Tavistock Publications ltd) b) But there also have parents that will blame themselves and fell they did not protect their daughter properly. Topic Sentence 5 . The victims also are more likely to attempt or commit suicide. a) The experience of being raped can lead to suicidal behavior as early as adolescents. 2. Another effect is the victim might be pregnant. a) When this happen, automatically will leads to increasing of abortion cases in Malaysia. (Utusan Malaysia, 16th August 2010) Here are some suggestions on how to help the victims of this crime. Topic Sentence 1 1. Firstly, the victims need support from their related person especially their family or partner. a) The victims really need them to talk about their feelings and attitude towards it. ) They would feel better when there are people who they love around them that will give them support. (Lamb, Sharon, The Trouble with Blame: Victims, Perpetrators and Responsibility, Harvard Univ Press, 1999) Topic Sentence 2 1. Secondly, one of the ways to help the victim is give them a counselor. a) A woman counselor who have been raped is an easy part of the task to give them sympathy, care and support (Rape Crisis Center 1983) b) When the counselor has an experience about this, the counselor can more readily sympathize with what was happened to the victims. .uc85c13c33db0b284e833822a89f6a177 , .uc85c13c33db0b284e833822a89f6a177 .postImageUrl , .uc85c13c33db0b284e833822a89f6a177 .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .uc85c13c33db0b284e833822a89f6a177 , .uc85c13c33db0b284e833822a89f6a177:hover , .uc85c13c33db0b284e833822a89f6a177:visited , .uc85c13c33db0b284e833822a89f6a177:active { border:0!important; } .uc85c13c33db0b284e833822a89f6a177 .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .uc85c13c33db0b284e833822a89f6a177 { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .uc85c13c33db0b284e833822a89f6a177:active , .uc85c13c33db0b284e833822a89f6a177:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .uc85c13c33db0b284e833822a89f6a177 .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .uc85c13c33db0b284e833822a89f6a177 .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .uc85c13c33db0b284e833822a89f6a177 .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .uc85c13c33db0b284e833822a89f6a177 .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .uc85c13c33db0b284e833822a89f6a177:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .uc85c13c33db0b284e833822a89f6a177 .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .uc85c13c33db0b284e833822a89f6a177 .uc85c13c33db0b284e833822a89f6a177-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .uc85c13c33db0b284e833822a89f6a177:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: venonous snakes EssayTopic Sentence 3 1. Besides that, the victims also need support from people around them other that family, partner and friends. a) The society should give them support and should not blame them. b) Do tell the victims that rape is not their fault. (Eliasson, Mona. Mens violence against women. Natur och Kultur, Stockholm, 2000. ) c) It will make the victims be confident with their selves. Conclusion This crime will give so much effects on the victims as listed above which are the victims may be so much angry towards the rapist, the victims is usually in a state of shock, they will develop agoraphobia, the parents of the victims may blame their daughter for what happened and the victims are more likely commit suicide and they also might be pregnant. There also have so many ways to help the victims of this sexual intercourse such as the victims need support from their family and partner, they need counselor and the society should not blame them for what was happened on them. Statistik kes rogol tahun 2006 hingga  2008 8 July 2009 Negeri| 2004| 2005| 2006| 2007| 2008| Perlis| 21| 15| 20| 27| 40| Kedah| 127| 102| 221| 313| 313| P. Pinang| 89| 48| 115| 161| 177| Perak| 121| 102| 183| 226| 234| Selangor| 294| 245| 412| 562| 640| Kuala Lumpur| 116| 59| 142| 221| 184| Negeri Sembilan| 22| 14| 103| 153| 194| Melaka| 100| 53| 125| 139| 130| Johor| 323| 205| 343| 473| 534| Pahang| 102| 5 4| 143| 194| 206| Terengganu| 58| 57| 127| 130| 136| Kelantan| 82| 58| 152| 167| 246| Sabah| 149| 104| 199| 196| 231| Sarawak| 94| 63| 129| 136| 149| JUMLAH| 1698| 1179| 2431| 3098| 3414| Sumber:Polis Diraja Malaysia Berita Harian – 02 Jun 2009 (Selasa)

Corporatism in Australia essays

Corporatism in Australia essays Corporatism is a political theory that has been embraced at different times through Australias political history, particularly between 1983 and 1995, during the Labor government of Hawke and Keating. Power is the ability to control or influence outcomes, actions or events... [and] may be exerted through force, coercion, control of resources, personal relationships or legal authority (Ryan, Parker and Brown, 2003: 44). Therefore it is important to understand how power is distributed in a country as it is an indicator of the sort of freedoms and opportunities a society can enjoy (ibid). There are three main models of power: elitism, pluralism and corporatism (Heywood, 2002: 77-78). Corporatism in a democratic setting, refers to decision-making by negotiation between the government arid a few powerful interest groups (Hague and Harrop, 2001: 159); these groups are known as peak associations and generally control the resources of an economy, e.g. the labour market. Following the Second W orld War, corporatism was adopted, in a very strict manner, by many European countries (e.g. Sweden, Norway, Ireland and Austria), in an attempt to provide stability (Heywood, 2002: 78). However, while the corporatist ideals were slowly being replaced with pluralism across Europe; in Australia, the relationship between the government, business and society had become more intertwined by adopting distinctive corporatist characteristics. During the Hawke (and to some extent the Keating) government, the State (or federal government) undertook a different approach to the development of economic policy. Prior to the Hawke government, the role of the State was fairly straight-forward to make economic or social policy without considering the specific desires of any one group in Australia. The country faced an economic disaster, with coinciding high inflation and recession (Head, 1997: 343): the new Labor government acknowled...

A Streetcar Named Desire - Scene Three Plot Summary

A Streetcar Named Desire - Scene Three Plot Summary The Poker Night Four men (Stanley Kowalski, Mitch, Steve, and Pablo) are playing poker while the ladies (Blanche and Stella) are having an evening out. Playwright Tennessee Williams describes the men as in the physical prime of their life; they drink whiskey and each of their shirts has its own bright, distinct color. Stanleys first line in this scene betrays his aggressiveness: STANLEY: Get yr ass off the table, Mitch. Nothing belongs on a poker table but cards, chips and whiskey. Mitch seems more sensitive than the other men. He considers leaving the poker game because he is concerned about his ailing mother. (An interesting point about Mitch: He is the only unmarried man in the group.) The Ladies Return Stella and Blanche arrive home at around 2:30 am. Intrigued by the gruff man and their poker playing, Blanche asks if she can kibitz (meaning that she wants to spectate and offer commentary and advice about their game). Stanley wont let her. And when his wife suggests that the men quit after one more hand, he roughly slaps her thigh. Steve and Pablo laugh at this. Again, Williams shows us that most men (at least in this play) are crude and hostile, and most women begrudgingly tolerate them. Mitch and Blanche Flirt Blanche briefly encounters Mitch, who is just emerging from the bathroom. She asks Stella if Mitch is a wolf, someone who will take advantage of her emotionally and sexually. Stella doesnt think that he would behave that way, and Blanche begins to wonder about Mitch as a romantic possibility. Mitch excuses himself from the poker table and shares a cigarette with Blanche. MITCH: I guess we strike you as being a pretty rough bunch. BLANCHE: Im very adaptable - to circumstances. She also talks about her career back in her hometown. She states, I have the misfortune of being an English instructor. (Personal note: Since I, too, am an English teacher, I find this line hysterical!) Blanche turns on the radio, hoping to dance with Mitch; however, Stanley (who has become increasingly enraged by Blanche and her distracting ways) throws the radio out the window. All Hell Breaks Loose After Stanley trashes the radio, fast-paced and violent action ensues: Stella calls Stanley a drunk - animal thing.Stanley beats Stella.Blanche screams My sister is going to have a baby!The men restrain Stanley and toss him in the shower.Blanche rushes Stella to the neighbors apartment. Within moments, Stanley, soaking wet and half-drunken. He suddenly realizes that Stella has left him. STELL-LAHHHHH!!!!! In this famous moment, Stanley stumbles out to the street. He begins to call for his wife. When she does not come down to him he begins to shout her name repeatedly. The stages directions indicate that he calls to her with heaven-splitting violence. Touched by her husbands desperate, animalistic need for her, Stella walks down to him. According to the stage directions, They come together with low, animal moans. He falls to his knees on the steps and presses his face to her belly. In many ways, this moment is the antithesis to the famed balcony scene from Romeo and Juliet. Instead of Romeo (as stage tradition holds) climbing up to his love, Stella walks down to her man. Instead of a romantic lead spouting eloquent poetry, we have Stanley Kowalski yelling at the top of his lungs, repeating only one name, like an ill-tempered boy calling for his mother. After Stanley carries Stella into their home, Blanche meets Mitch once again. He tells her not to worry, that the pair truly cares about each other. Blanche marvels about the confusing nature of the world and thanks Mitch for his kindness.

Report Communication proccess in Wivenhoe hotel Essay

Report Communication proccess in Wivenhoe hotel - Essay Example And thus NOISE to Mr. John could be his very engagement at always. Noise to Mr. Robinson could be poor reception, lack of hearing information sending to him clearly and many others. Mr. Huge as Secretary always busy with incoming calls, and that might be where NOISE arise. Susana can always be ups and downs, and she might forget many things MEDIA/ CHANNEL TYPES OF CHANNEL: General Manager: The General Manager can Communicate by the use of word of mouth, including writing messages Likewise Mr. Robinson can explore to the use of verbal and written communication as well. Paullina can also communicate verbally and also in written form Susana can only adapt to communicate verbally as she cannot vow to writing messages to their esteem customer which will look very odd. HOW: Meeting and Sending Letters Emails, Calls Advertising and Emails messages Minor Meeting Noise When people are called to attend a meeting, they might be tired and boring as it may turn long and uninterested. What is boring and problematic in oral communication is that, it can interrupt unprecedented. Example, Paullina may be interrupt by roaring of car engines while she is communicating orally with customers. Customer may likely avoid phone calls as ringing and roaring of phones might interrupt his other activities. A customer may decide not to check his email messages especially that of junk, and that is another problem of noise Oral expression without seeing visible can also disturb customer THE RECEIVER New and old customers Organizations and Companies locally FEEDBACKS How Communicating Customer can reply via email or letter, while an instant reply can be given on meeting periods. However,... (Overview) "Communication is defined as a process by which we assign and convey meaning in an attempt to create shared understanding. This process requires a vast repertoire of skills in intrapersonal and interpersonal processing, listening, observing, speaking, questioning, analyzing, and evaluating. Use of these processes is developmental and transfers to all areas of life: home, school, community, work, and beyond. It is through communication that collaboration and cooperation occur..." What is boring and problematic in oral communication is that, it can interrupt unprecedented. Example, Paullina may be interrupt by roaring of car engines while she is communicating orally with customers. We have a very means of communication, while we have drew attentions of lots of customers and organization to patronize with us through our communication motivation processes. We adapts to 2 ways of communication, synchronous, which chanced us to get immediate replies to our messages, while we also adapts to asynchronous, which we receives via letter and emails as well. We also adapt 2 means of communication, verbal and visual. Our General Manager and other Staffs have jointly working hard to see that new facilities as mean of more improvement are started.

American Memory of Holocaust Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

American Memory of Holocaust - Essay Example In the first decades after the war, Holocaust was quite trivial in both the American and the Jews consciousness (Novick, 1994). Many scholars suggest that the Holocaust awareness by most Americans was based on inaccurate, trivial, and vague representations. The Jews extermination was remembered in important ways such as through the Nuremberg trials, Second World War accounts, comparisons with the Soviet totalitarianism, philosophical works, Jewish and Christian reflections in theology, mass-media portrayals, and scholarly pioneering publications. These attempts in the postwar period to understand the Jewish tragedy in the prevailing cultural paradigms offered the foundation for the consequent comprehension of that event (Baron, 2003). In the late 1960s and 1970s, American memory of the Holocaust moved to a central position. The curve of memory slope may differ, but it is not steadily downward. The most vivid memory is the immediate aftermath of the Holocaust events that declined with the passage of time. With the Holocaust, it has been apparent social amnesia, virtual silence for an entire generation, then, the Rostovian move into self-sustained growth in the late 1960s and 1970s. For close to 20 years after the Second World War, Holocaust was largely ignored, and today, it is elaborated in the repression language. The Gentile guilt and the Jewish agony were too huge to be confronted. The very silence is often viewed as a testimony of the amount of feeling/sentiment that was being repressed (Novick, 1994). It is important to note that Holocaust became important in the American Jewish life â€Å"only after the Eichmann trial, Israel’s 1967 triumph in the Six-Day War, and the surprise attack by Egypt and costly victory by Israel in the 1973 Yom Kippur War† (Baron, 2003, p62). 3.B. The comic book â€Å"Maus: A Survivor’s Tale (1986)† subtitled as â€Å"My Father Bleeds History† was written by Spiegelman. The comic book narrates two stories; one story is about Artie’s current relationship with Vladek (his father) in Queens, New York. The other story is about the experiences of his parents during the occupation of Nazi in Poland. The text is preoccupied by the question of how Artie (or any other individual in the second generation) can come to possess their parents’ experiences, experiences they never witnessed. Towards the culmination of the first volume, Vladek and Artie are walking when Vladek bends over a trash container and takes an old piece of wire (Landsberg, 1997). Artie asks Vladek why he picked up the wire, Vladek responds by saying that inside the wire are other little wires, and they are good for trying things. Infuriated, Arties asks his father why he always picks up trash and why he cannot buy his own wires. Vladek responds by saying that why one has to buy if he can find some, and that the wires cannot be found in stores. He goes on to tell him that the wires he has picked are very useful. This scene involving Artie and Vladek functions as the metaphor for what the text itself does. The wire recirculation becomes an allegory for the Holocaust recirculation through a different medium. In this case, the recirculation is done by a comic book and this indicates that when the narrative is put into a different medium, new possibilities, and new insights appear (Landsberg, 1997). In this representation, the main theme is recirculation of the Holocaust. The recirculation of the wire serves as a metaphor for the potential value of the Holocaust in the American nation. It becomes a means

Waste Land Essay: Eluding Understanding :: T.S. Eliot Waste Land Essays

The Waste Land: Eluding Understanding The Waste Land is, to begin with, a poem that includes an interpretation as part of the poem, and it is therefore a poem that makes a problem of its meaning precisely by virtue of its apparent (and apparently inadequate) effort to explain itself. We cannot understand the poem without knowing what it meant to its author, but we must also assume that what the poem meant to its author will not be its meaning. The notes to The Waste Land are, by the logic of Eliot's philosophical critique of interpretation, simply another riddle--and not a separate one to be solved. They are, we might say, the poem's way of treating itself as a reflex, a "something not intended as a sign," a gesture whose full significance it is impossible, by virtue of the nature of gestures, for the gesturer to explain." And the structure of the poem--a text followed by an explanation--is a reproduction of a pattern that, as the notes themselves emphasize, is repeated in miniature many times inside the poem itself, where cultural expressions are transformed, by the mechanics of allusion, into cultural gestures. For each time a literary phrase or a cultural motif is transposed into a new context--and the borrowed motifs in The Waste Land are shown to have themselves been borrowed by a succession of cultures--it is reinterpreted, its previous meaning becoming incorporated by distortion into a new meaning suitable to a new use. So that the work of Frazer and Weston is relevant both because it presents the history of religion as a series of appropriations and reinscriptions of cultural motifs, and because it is itself an unreliable reinterpretation of the phenomena it attempts to describe. The poem (as A. Walton Litz argued some time ago) is, in other words, not about spiritual dryness so much as it is a bout the ways in which spiritual dryness has been perceived. And the relation of the notes to the poem proper seems further emblematic of the relation of the work as a whole to the cultural tradition it is a commentary on. The Waste Land is presented as a contemporary reading of the Western tradition, which (unlike the "ideal order" of "Tradition and the Individual Talent") is treated as a sequence of gestures whose original meaning is unknown, but which every new text that is added to it makes a bad guess at.

Narrative Methods Used in Part 1 of The Rime of the Ancient Mariner Essay

Part one of The Rime of the Ancient Mariner opens with a third person omniscient narrator: ‘It is an ancient Marinere, And he stoppeth one of three. ’ This person represents Coleridge as he knows everything that is happening in the poem, and he is setting the scene for the rest of the lyrical ballad. Other people may take the view that the omniscient narrator represents God, as he is seen by religious people as the only person who can possibly be omniscient. This instantly injects elements of religion into the poem. The next stanza is narrated by the wedding guest, who speaks for the reader and voices the questions that the reader may have. He is confused as to why this odd-looking man has ‘stoppest’ him, which shows that the wedding guest doesn’t know who the man is. This leaves the wedding guest just as clueless as the reader themselves at that moment. The mariner speaks for the first time in the third stanza, beginning his tale with ‘there was a ship. ’ The mariner is responsible for telling the embedded narrative, which is an element of the Gothic. The mariner then takes over the story, telling his tale within the tale. The ballad is structured in Quatrains for all of Part 1, but this changes to symbolise a change in the narrative. Stanzas six and eleven end in the same line: ‘The bright-eyed Marinere. ’ The seventh Stanza is reversed at the end of the poem to show when he is going away from the familiar and when he is returning to it. The genre of this piece is a Lyrical Ballad, with elements of Romance and the Gothic. It draws on elements of the Romantic by its recurring themes of nature, extremes of emotion and religion. It also draws on elements of the Gothic as it includes religious imagery, bad weather and supernatural themes. The ballad is set at a wedding in reality, but the embedded narrative in Part 1 is set in the land of ‘mist and snow. ’ This represents the isolation of the Mariner as he strays away not only from land and equilibrium but also from God. This distance from God is physical, as it points out that he left the ‘Kirk,’ ‘the hill’ and ‘the light-house top’ representing him moving away from where God is, but also mental because the Marnier commits a great misdeed: ‘with my cross I shot the Albatross’ and it is almost as if he and God are not at peace any more. There are connotations of the Mariner’s tale happening a long time ago as he uses archaic lexis in his version of events, such as ‘Kirk’ for Church, ‘thee,’ ‘thou,’ and ‘thus. ’ Coleridge begins the poem with ‘It is an ancyent Marinere,’ the language used shows that the Mariner is a strange being as he is referred to as ‘it’ rather than ‘he. ’ The lexis used is archaic as both ‘ancyent’ and ‘Marinere’ are non-standard spellings. Although the wedding guest uses quite outdated terms, we can tell that the Mariner is older than him because his vocabulary predates to Coleridge’s times. Part 1 of this ballad uses internal and alternate rhymes throughout to create a flow of events. The Mariner tells the wedding guest twice ‘there was a ship’ in stanzas three and four which shows that the Mariner is persistent, but the reader does not know why he is so eager (we later find out that he had to tell this tale to the wedding guest). The wedding guest starts to become aggressive at the Mariner’s persistence, telling him ‘Now get thee hence, thou grey-beard Loon! Or my Staff shall make thee skip. This illustrates the wedding guest’s ignorance, and reflects what the reader would probably do if they were in that situation. The Mariner is described as being almost wizard-like in appearance with his ‘skinny hand,’ ‘grey beard,’ and ‘glittering eye’ which could be taken as being quite supernatural; an element of the Gothic. The Sun is mentioned throughout the poem as a motif for God, and is personified as ‘he. ’ The Sun is present a lot before the Mariner shoots the Albatross but is a less prominent character afterward, showing that God is displeased with the Mariner. Coleridge uses Pathetic Fallacy to show the Mariner’s mood, by showing the ‘Storm and Wind, A Wind and Tempest strong! ’ This is also an element of the Gothic. Coleridge also uses a similie to describe the ice: ‘As green as Emerauld. ’ The colour depicted is very natural, which is an element of Romance and the word ‘ice’ is repeated many times throughout to show the reader that the Mariner is literally surrounded by ice, representing his desolation. The ice ‘crack’d and growl’d and roar’d and howl’d,’ which personifies the ice using animal imagery. This shows the unforgiving and harsh nature of the ice, which the Mariner is encapsulated by. The Albatross is a symbolic religious symbol, and religion is referenced throughout Part 1, showing Coleridge’s personal views and depicting elements of the Romantic and Gothic. The moon is used as a motif for change and is only introduced moments before the Mariner shoots the Albatross, which could be taken as foreshadowing.

The Yellow Wallpaper An Essay by Charlotte Perkins Gilman

The following is the complete text of the short story by Charlotte Perkins Gilman, originally published in May 1892, in  The New England Magazine. Included are some questions for analyzing the story. Questions for Thinking About The Short Story Included Below Why is this usually considered a feminist story?  (What Is Feminism?)What rights did the main character have or not have? What choices were available to her? (What Are Womens Rights?)How does this treatment of womens rights compare to Mary Wollstonecrafts writings about womens rights?  (Mary Wollstonecraft - What Rights?)  How do each of them treat their experience in relationship to the purpose of their writings? (Mary Wollstonecraft: Grounded in Experience)What was the likelihood at the time that the main character would find a physician who was a woman, and shared womens experience?What do we know about Charlotte Perkins life and her words on related issues? (Charlotte Perkins Gilman Quotes | Biography of Charlotte Perkins Gilman)Why do you think she wrote the story?  How does this compare to her own published reasons? (Why I Wrote the Yellow Wallpaper)Could she have made her points better by writing a nonfiction essay? The Yellow Wallpaper by Charlotte Perkins Gilman It is very seldom that mere ordinary people like John and myself secure ancestral halls for the summer. A colonial mansion, a hereditary estate, I would say a haunted house, and reach the height of romantic felicity--but that would be asking too much of fate! Still I will proudly declare that there is something queer about it. Else, why should it be let so cheaply? And why have stood so long untenanted? John laughs at me, of course, but one expects that in marriage. John is practical in the extreme. He has no patience with faith, an intense horror of superstition, and he scoffs openly at any talk of things not to be felt and seen and put down in figures. John is a physician, and PERHAPS--(I would not say it to a living soul, of course, but this is dead paper and a great relief to my mind)--PERHAPS that is one reason I do not get well faster. You see he does not believe I am sick! And what can one do? If a physician of high standing, and ones own husband, assures friends and relatives that there is really nothing the matter with one but temporary nervous depression--a slight hysterical tendency--what is one to do? My brother is also a physician, and also of high standing, and he says the same thing. So I take phosphates or phosphites--whichever it is, and tonics, and journeys, and air, and exercise, and am absolutely forbidden to work until I am well again. Personally, I disagree with their ideas. Personally, I believe that congenial work, with excitement and change, would do me good. But what is one to do? I did write for a while in spite of them; but it DOES exhaust me a good deal--having to be so sly about it, or else meet with heavy opposition. I sometimes fancy that my condition if I had less opposition and more society and stimulus--but John says the very worst thing I can do is to think about my condition, and I confess it always makes me feel bad. So I will let it alone and talk about the house. The most beautiful place! It is quite alone, standing well back from the road, quite three miles from the village. It makes me think of English places that you read about, for there are hedges and walls and gates that lock, and lots of separate little houses for the gardeners and people. There is a DELICIOUS garden! I never saw such a garden--large and shady, full of box-bordered paths, and lined with long grape-covered arbors with seats under them. There were greenhouses, too, but they are all broken now. There was some legal trouble, I believe, something about the heirs and coheirs; anyhow, the place has been empty for years. That spoils my ghostliness, I am afraid, but I dont care--there is something strange about the house--I can feel it. I even said so to John one moonlight evening, but he said what I felt was a DRAUGHT, and shut the window. I get unreasonably angry with John sometimes. Im sure I never used to be so sensitive. I think it is due to this nervous condition. But John says if I feel so, I shall neglect proper self-control; so I take pains to control myself--before him, at least, and that makes me very tired. I dont like our room a bit. I wanted one downstairs that opened on the piazza and had roses all over the window, and such pretty old-fashioned chintz hangings! but John would not hear of it. He said there was only one window and not room for two beds, and no near room for him if he took another. He is very careful and loving, and hardly lets me stir without special direction. I have a schedule prescription for each hour in the day; he takes all care from me, and so I feel basely ungrateful not to value it more. He said we came here solely on my account, that I was to have perfect rest and all the air I could get. Your exercise depends on your strength, my dear, said he, and your food somewhat on your appetite; but air you can absorb all the time. So we took the nursery at the top of the house. It is a big, airy room, the whole floor nearly, with windows that look all ways, and air and sunshine galore. It was nursery first and then playroom and gymnasium, I should judge; for the windows are barred for little children, and there are rings and things in the walls. The paint and paper look as if a boys school had used it. It is stripped off--the paper--in great patches all around the head of my bed, about as far as I can reach, and in a great place on the other side of the room low down. I never saw a worse paper in my life. One of those sprawling flamboyant patterns committing every artistic sin. It is dull enough to confuse the eye in following, pronounced enough to constantly irritate and provoke study, and when you follow the lame uncertain curves for a little distance they suddenly commit suicide--plunge off at outrageous angles, destroy themselves in unheard of contradictions. The color is repellent, almost revolting; a smouldering unclean yellow, strangely faded by the slow-turning sunlight. It is a dull yet lurid orange in some places, a sickly sulphur tint in others. No wonder the children hated it! I should hate it myself if I had to live in this room long. There comes John, and I must put this away,--he hates to have me write a word. We have been here two weeks, and I havent felt like writing before, since that first day. I am sitting by the window now, up in this atrocious nursery, and there is nothing to hinder my writing as much as I please, save lack of strength. John is away all day, and even some nights when his cases are serious. I am glad my case is not serious! But these nervous troubles are dreadfully depressing. John does not know how much I really suffer. He knows there is no REASON to suffer, and that satisfies him. Of course it is only nervousness. It does weigh on me so not to do my duty in any way! I meant to be such a help to John, such a real rest and comfort, and here I am a comparative burden already! Nobody would believe what an effort it is to do what little I am able,--to dress and entertain, and other things. It is fortunate Mary is so good with the baby. Such a dear baby! And yet I CANNOT be with him, it makes me so nervous. I suppose John never was nervous in his life. He laughs at me so about this wall-paper! At first he meant to repaper the room, but afterwards he said that I was letting it get the better of me, and that nothing was worse for a nervous patient than to give way to such fancies. He said that after the wall-paper was changed it would be the heavy bedstead, and then the barred windows, and then that gate at the head of the stairs, and so on. You know the place is doing you good, he said, and really, dear, I dont care to renovate the house just for a three months rental. Then do let us go downstairs, I said, there are such pretty rooms there. Then he took me in his arms and called me a blessed little goose, and said he would go down to the cellar, if I wished, and have it whitewashed into the bargain. But he is right enough about the beds and windows and things. It is an airy and comfortable room as any one need wish, and, of course, I would not be so silly as to make him uncomfortable just for a whim. Im really getting quite fond of the big room, all but that horrid paper. Out of one window I can see the garden, those mysterious deepshaded arbors, the riotous old-fashioned flowers, and bushes and gnarly trees. Out of another I get a lovely view of the bay and a little private wharf belonging to the estate. There is a beautiful shaded lane that runs down there from the house. I always fancy I see people walking in these numerous paths and arbors, but John has cautioned me not to give way to fancy in the least. He says that with my imaginative power and habit of story-making, a nervous weakness like mine is sure to lead to all manner of excited fancies, and that I ought to use my will and good sense to check the tendency. So I try. I think sometimes that if I were only well enough to write a little it would relieve the press of ideas and rest me. But I find I get pretty tired when I try. It is so discouraging not to have any advice and companionship about my work. When I get really well, John says we will ask Cousin Henry and Julia down for a long visit; but he says he would as soon put fireworks in my pillow-case as to let me have those stimulating people about now. I wish I could get well faster. But I must not think about that. This paper looks to me as if it KNEW what a vicious influence it had! There is a recurrent spot where the pattern lolls like a broken neck and two bulbous eyes stare at you upside down. I get positively angry with the impertinence of it and the everlastingness. Up and down and sideways they crawl, and those absurd, unblinking eyes are everywhere. There is one place where two breadths didnt match, and the eyes go all up and down the line, one a little higher than the other. I never saw so much expression in an inanimate thing before, and we all know how much expression they have! I used to lie awake as a child and get more entertainment and terror out of blank walls and plain furniture than most children could find in a toy store. I remember what a kindly wink the knobs of our big, old bureau used to have, and there was one chair that always seemed like a strong friend. I used to feel that if any of the other things looked too fierce I could always hop into that chair and be safe. The furniture in this room is no worse than inharmonious, however, for we had to bring it all from downstairs. I suppose when this was used as a playroom they had to take the nursery things out, and no wonder! I never saw such ravages as the children have made here. The wall-paper, as I said before, is torn off in spots, and it sticketh closer than a brother--they must have had perseverance as well as hatred. Then the floor is scratched and gouged and splintered, the plaster itself is dug out here and there, and this great heavy bed which is all we found in the room, looks as if it had been through the wars. But I dont mind it a bit--only the paper. There comes Johns sister. Such a dear girl as she is, and so careful of me! I must not let her find me writing. She is a perfect and enthusiastic housekeeper, and hopes for no better profession. I verily believe she thinks it is the writing which made me sick! But I can write when she is out, and see her a long way off from these windows. There is one that commands the road, a lovely shaded winding road, and one that just looks off over the country. A lovely country, too, full of great elms and velvet meadows. This wall-paper has a kind of sub-pattern in a different shade, a particularly irritating one, for you can only see it in certain lights, and not clearly then. But in the places where it isnt faded and where the sun is just so--I can see a strange, provoking, formless sort of figure, that seems to skulk about behind that silly and conspicuous front design. Theres sister on the stairs! Well, the Fourth of July is over! The people are gone and I am tired out. John thought it might do me good to see a little company, so we just had mother and Nellie and the children down for a week. Of course I didnt do a thing. Jennie sees to everything now. But it tired me all the same. John says if I dont pick up faster he shall send me to Weir Mitchell in the fall. But I dont want to go there at all. I had a friend who was in his hands once, and she says he is just like John and my brother, only more so! Besides, it is such an undertaking to go so far. I dont feel as if it was worth while to turn my hand over for anything, and Im getting dreadfully fretful and querulous. I cry at nothing, and cry most of the time. Of course I dont when John is here, or anybody else, but when I am alone. And I am alone a good deal just now. John is kept in town very often by serious cases, and Jennie is good and lets me alone when I want her to. So I walk a little in the garden or down that lovely lane, sit on the porch under the roses, and lie down up here a good deal. Im getting really fond of the room in spite of the wall-paper. Perhaps BECAUSE of the wall-paper. It dwells in my mind so! I lie here on this great immovable bed--it is nailed down, I believe--and follow that pattern about by the hour. It is as good as gymnastics, I assure you. I start, well say, at the bottom, down in the corner over there where it has not been touched, and I determine for the thousandth time that I WILL follow that pointless pattern to some sort of a conclusion. I know a little of the principle of design, and I know this thing was not arranged on any laws of radiation, or alternation, or repetition, or symmetry, or anything else that I ever heard of. It is repeated, of course, by the breadths, but not otherwise. Looked at in one way each breadth stands alone, the bloated curves and flourishes--a kind of debased Romanesque with delirium tremens--go waddling up and down in isolated columns of fatuity. But, on the other hand, they connect diagonally, and the sprawling outlines run off in great slanting waves of optic horror, like a lot of wallowing seaweeds in full chase. The whole thing goes horizontally, too, at least it seems so, and I exhaust myself in trying to distinguish the order of its going in that direction. They have used a horizontal breadth for a frieze, and that adds wonderfully to the confusion. There is one end of the room where it is almost intact, and there, when the crosslights fade and the low sun shines directly upon it, I can almost fancy radiation after all,--the interminable grotesques seem to form around a common centre and rush off in headlong plunges of equal distraction. It makes me tired to follow it. I will take a nap I guess. I dont know why I should write this. I dont want to. I dont feel able. And I know John would think it absurd. But I MUST say what I feel and think in some way--it is such a relief! But the effort is getting to be greater than the relief. Half the time now I am awfully lazy, and lie down ever so much. John says I musnt lose my strength, and has me take cod liver oil and lots of tonics and things, to say nothing of ale and wine and rare meat. Dear John! He loves me very dearly, and hates to have me sick. I tried to have a real earnest reasonable talk with him the other day, and tell him how I wish he would let me go and make a visit to Cousin Henry and Julia. But he said I wasnt able to go, nor able to stand it after I got there; and I did not make out a very good case for myself, for I was crying before I had finished. It is getting to be a great effort for me to think straight. Just this nervous weakness I suppose. And dear John gathered me up in his arms, and just carried me upstairs and laid me on the bed, and sat by me and read to me till it tired my head. He said I was his darling and his comfort and all he had, and that I must take care of myself for his sake, and keep well. He says no one but myself can help me out of it, that I must use my will and self-control and not let any silly fancies run away with me. Theres one comfort, the baby is well and happy, and does not have to occupy this nursery with the horrid wall-paper. If we had not used it, that blessed child would have! What a fortunate escape! Why, I wouldnt have a child of mine, an impressionable little thing, live in such a room for worlds. I never thought of it before, but it is lucky that John kept me here after all, I can stand it so much easier than a baby, you see. Of course I never mention it to them any more--I am too wise,--but I keep watch of it all the same. There are things in that paper that nobody knows but me, or ever will. Behind that outside pattern the dim shapes get clearer every day. It is always the same shape, only very numerous. And it is like a woman stooping down and creeping about behind that pattern. I dont like it a bit. I wonder--I begin to think--I wish John would take me away from here! It is so hard to talk with John about my case, because he is so wise, and because he loves me so. But I tried it last night. It was moonlight. The moon shines in all around just as the sun does. I hate to see it sometimes, it creeps so slowly, and always comes in by one window or another. John was asleep and I hated to waken him, so I kept still and watched the moonlight on that undulating wall-paper till I felt creepy. The faint figure behind seemed to shake the pattern, just as if she wanted to get out. I got up softly and went to feel and see if the paper DID move, and when I came back John was awake. What is it, little girl? he said. Dont go walking about like that--youll get cold. I though it was a good time to talk, so I told him that I really was not gaining here, and that I wished he would take me away. Why darling! said he, our lease will be up in three weeks, and I cant see how to leave before. The repairs are not done at home, and I cannot possibly leave town just now. Of course if you were in any danger, I could and would, but you really are better, dear, whether you can see it or not. I am a doctor, dear, and I know. You are gaining flesh and color, your appetite is better, I feel really much easier about you. I dont weigh a bit more, said I, nor as much; and my appetite may be better in the evening when you are here, but it is worse in the morning when you are away! Bless her little heart! said he with a big hug, she shall be as sick as she pleases! But now lets improve the shining hours by going to sleep, and talk about it in the morning! And you wont go away? I asked gloomily. Why, how can I, dear? It is only three weeks more and then we will take a nice little trip of a few days while Jennie is getting the house ready. Really dear you are better! Better in body perhaps-- I began, and stopped short, for he sat up straight and looked at me with such a stern, reproachful look that I could not say another word. My darling, said he, I beg of you, for my sake and for our childs sake, as well as for your own, that you will never for one instant let that idea enter your mind! There is nothing so dangerous, so fascinating, to a temperament like yours. It is a false and foolish fancy. Can you not trust me as a physician when I tell you so? So of course I said no more on that score, and we went to sleep before long. He thought I was asleep first, but I wasnt, and lay there for hours trying to decide whether that front pattern and the back pattern really did move together or separately. On a pattern like this, by daylight, there is a lack of sequence, a defiance of law, that is a constant irritant to a normal mind. The color is hideous enough, and unreliable enough, and infuriating enough, but the pattern is torturing. You think you have mastered it, but just as you get well underway in following, it turns a back-somersault and there you are. It slaps you in the face, knocks you down, and tramples upon you. It is like a bad dream. The outside pattern is a florid arabesque, reminding one of a fungus. If you can imagine a toadstool in joints, an interminable string of toadstools, budding and sprouting in endless convolutions--why, that is something like it. That is, sometimes! There is one marked peculiarity about this paper, a thing nobody seems to notice but myself,and that is that it changes as the light changes. When the sun shoots in through the east window--I always watch for that first long, straight ray--it changes so quickly that I never can quite believe it. That is why I watch it always. By moonlight--the moon shines in all night when there is a moon--I wouldnt know it was the same paper. At night in any kind of light, in twilight, candle light, lamplight, and worst of all by moonlight, it becomes bars! The outside pattern I mean, and the woman behind it is as plain as can be. I didnt realize for a long time what the thing was that showed behind, that dim sub-pattern, but now I am quite sure it is a woman. By daylight she is subdued, quiet. I fancy it is the pattern that keeps her so still. It is so puzzling. It keeps me quiet by the hour. I lie down ever so much now. John says it is good for me, and to sleep all I can. Indeed he started the habit by making me lie down for an hour after each meal. It is a very bad habit I am convinced, for you see I dont sleep. And that cultivates deceit, for I dont tell them Im awake--O no! The fact is I am getting a little afraid of John. He seems very queer sometimes, and even Jennie has an inexplicable look. It strikes me occasionally, just as a scientific hypothesis,--that perhaps it is the paper! I have watched John when he did not know I was looking, and come into the room suddenly on the most innocent excuses, and Ive caught him several times LOOKING AT THE PAPER! And Jennie too. I caught Jennie with her hand on it once. She didnt know I was in the room, and when I asked her in a quiet, a very quiet voice, with the most restrained manner possible, what she was doing with the paper--she turned around as if she had been caught stealing, and looked quite angry--asked me why I should frighten her so! Then she said that the paper stained everything it touched, that she had found yellow smooches on all my clothes and Johns, and she wished we would be more careful! Did not that sound innocent? But I know she was studying that pattern, and I am determined that nobody shall find it out but myself! Life is very much more exciting now than it used to be. You see I have something more to expect, to look forward to, to watch. I really do eat better, and am more quiet than I was. John is so pleased to see me improve! He laughed a little the other day, and said I seemed to be flourishing in spite of my wall-paper. I turned it off with a laugh. I had no intention of telling him it was BECAUSE of the wall-paper--he would make fun of me. He might even want to take me away. I dont want to leave now until I have found it out. There is a week more, and I think that will be enough. Im feeling ever so much better! I dont sleep much at night, for it is so interesting to watch developments; but I sleep a good deal in the daytime. In the daytime it is tiresome and perplexing. There are always new shoots on the fungus, and new shades of yellow all over it. I cannot keep count of them, though I have tried conscientiously. It is the strangest yellow, that wall-paper! It makes me think of all the yellow things I ever saw--not beautiful ones like buttercups, but old foul, bad yellow things. But there is something else about that paper--the smell! I noticed it the moment we came into the room, but with so much air and sun it was not bad. Now we have had a week of fog and rain, and whether the windows are open or not, the smell is here. It creeps all over the house. I find it hovering in the dining-room, skulking in the parlor, hiding in the hall, lying in wait for me on the stairs. It gets into my hair. Even when I go to ride, if I turn my head suddenly and surprise it--there is that smell! Such a peculiar odor, too! I have spent hours in trying to analyze it, to find what it smelled like. It is not bad--at first, and very gentle, but quite the subtlest, most enduring odor I ever met. In this damp weather it is awful, I wake up in the night and find it hanging over me. It used to disturb me at first. I thought seriously of burning the house--to reach the smell. But now I am used to it. The only thing I can think of that it is like is the COLOR of the paper! A yellow smell. There is a very funny mark on this wall, low down, near the mopboard. A streak that runs round the room. It goes behind every piece of furniture, except the bed, a long, straight, even SMOOCH, as if it had been rubbed over and over. I wonder how it was done and who did it, and what they did it for. Round and round and round--round and round and round--it makes me dizzy! I really have discovered something at last. Through watching so much at night, when it changes so, I have finally found out. The front pattern DOES move--and no wonder! The woman behind shakes it! Sometimes I think there are a great many women behind, and sometimes only one, and she crawls around fast, and her crawling shakes it all over. Then in the very bright spots she keeps still, and in the very shady spots she just takes hold of the bars and shakes them hard. And she is all the time trying to climb through. But nobody could climb through that pattern--it strangles so; I think that is why it has so many heads. They get through, and then the pattern strangles them off and turns them upside down, and makes their eyes white! If those heads were covered or taken off it would not be half so bad. I think that woman gets out in the daytime! And Ill tell you why--privately--Ive seen her! I can see her out of every one of my windows! It is the same woman, I know, for she is always creeping, and most women do not creep by daylight. I see her on that long road under the trees, creeping along, and when a carriage comes she hides under the blackberry vines. I dont blame her a bit. It must be very humiliating to be caught creeping by daylight! I always lock the door when I creep by daylight. I cant do it at night, for I know John would suspect something at once. And John is so queer now, that I dont want to irritate him. I wish he would take another room! Besides, I dont want anybody to get that woman out at night but myself. I often wonder if I could see her out of all the windows at once. But, turn as fast as I can, I can only see out of one at a time. And though I always see her, she MAY be able to creep faster than I can turn! I have watched her sometimes away off in the open country, creeping as fast as a cloud shadow in a high wind. If only that top pattern could be gotten off from the under one! I mean to try it, little by little. I have found out another funny thing, but I shant tell it this time! It does not do to trust people too much. There are only two more days to get this paper off, and I believe John is beginning to notice. I dont like the look in his eyes. And I heard him ask Jennie a lot of professional questions about me. She had a very good report to give. She said I slept a good deal in the daytime. John knows I dont sleep very well at night, for all Im so quiet! He asked me all sorts of questions, too, and pretended to be very loving and kind. As if I couldnt see through him! Still, I dont wonder he acts so, sleeping under this paper for three months. It only interests me, but I feel sure John and Jennie are secretly affected by it. Hurrah! This is the last day, but it is enough. John is to stay in town over night, and wont be out until this evening. Jennie wanted to sleep with me--the sly thing! but I told her I should undoubtedly rest better for a night all alone. That was clever, for really I wasnt alone a bit! As soon as it was moonlight and that poor thing began to crawl and shake the pattern, I got up and ran to help her. I pulled and she shook, I shook and she pulled, and before morning we had peeled off yards of that paper. A strip about as high as my head and half around the room. And then when the sun came and that awful pattern began to laugh at me, I declared I would finish it to-day! We go away to-morrow, and they are moving all my furniture down again to leave things as they were before. Jennie looked at the wall in amazement, but I told her merrily that I did it out of pure spite at the vicious thing. She laughed and said she wouldnt mind doing it herself, but I must not get tired. How she betrayed herself that time! But I am here, and no person touches this paper but me--not ALIVE! She tried to get me out of the room--it was too patent! But I said it was so quiet and empty and clean now that I believed I would lie down again and sleep all I could; and not to wake me even for dinner--I would call when I woke. So now she is gone, and the servants are gone, and the things are gone, and there is nothing left but that great bedstead nailed down, with the canvas mattress we found on it. We shall sleep downstairs to-night, and take the boat home to-morrow. I quite enjoy the room, now it is bare again. How those children did tear about here! This bedstead is fairly gnawed! But I must get to work. I have locked the door and thrown the key down into the front path. I dont want to go out, and I dont want to have anybody come in, till John comes. I want to astonish him. Ive got a rope up here that even Jennie did not find. If that woman does get out, and tries to get away, I can tie her! But I forgot I could not reach far without anything to stand on! This bed will NOT move! I tried to lift and push it until I was lame, and then I got so angry I bit off a little piece at one corner--but it hurt my teeth. Then I peeled off all the paper I could reach standing on the floor. It sticks horribly and the pattern just enjoys it! All those strangled heads and bulbous eyes and waddling fungus growths just shriek with derision! I am getting angry enough to do something desperate. To jump out of the window would be admirable exercise, but the bars are too strong even to try. Besides I wouldnt do it. Of course not. I know well enough that a step like that is improper and might be misconstrued. I dont like to LOOK out of the windows even--there are so many of those creeping women, and they creep so fast. I wonder if they all come out of that wall-paper as I did? But I am securely fastened now by my well-hidden rope--you dont get ME out in the road there! I suppose I shall have to get back behind the pattern when it comes night, and that is hard! It is so pleasant to be out in this great room and creep around as I please! I dont want to go outside. I wont, even if Jennie asks me to. For outside you have to creep on the ground, and everything is green instead of yellow. But here I can creep smoothly on the floor, and my shoulder just fits in that long smooch around the wall, so I cannot lose my way. Why theres John at the door! It is no use, young man, you cant open it! How he does call and pound! Now hes crying for an axe. It would be a shame to break down that beautiful door! John dear! said I in the gentlest voice, the key is down by the front steps, under a plantain leaf! That silenced him for a few moments. Then he said--very quietly indeed, Open the door, my darling! I cant, said I. The key is down by the front door under a plantain leaf! And then I said it again, several times, very gently and slowly, and said it so often that he had to go and see, and he got it of course, and came in. He stopped short by the door. What is the matter? he cried. For Gods sake, what are you doing! I kept on creeping just the same, but I looked at him over my shoulder. Ive got out at last, said I, in spite of you and Jane. And Ive pulled off most of the paper, so you cant put me back! Now why should that man have fainted? But he did, and right across my path by the wall, so that I had to creep over him every time! Find more works of Charlotte Perkins Gilman: Charlotte Perkins GilmanCharlotte Perkins Gilman QuotesSome Poems of Charlotte Perkins GilmanHerlandWomen and EconomicsFor Birth ControlWe As Women Find womens history biographies, by name: A  |  B  |  C  |  D  |  E  |  F  |  G  |  H  |  I  |  J  |  K  |  L  |  M  |  N  |  O  |  P/Q  |  R  |  S  |  T  |  U/V  |  W  |  X/Y/Z